QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定豆芽中40种植物生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和抗生素类药物残留北大核心CSCD

研究从豆芽质量安全监管的实际需求出发,建立了QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定豆芽中植物生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和抗生素类等40种药物残留的方法。首先通过参数优化确定最佳质谱条件,然后比较不同提取溶剂(甲醇、乙腈、0.1%氨水乙腈、1%乙酸乙腈)、提取方法(超声、振荡)以及乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶(PSA)、C_(18)净化剂添加量时40种药物的回收率,确定最优前处理过程。样品用10 mL 1%乙酸乙腈提取两次,超声波辅助提取,100 mg C_(18)为净化剂。选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)进行分离,甲醇和0.01%甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱监测,基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,40种药物可在15 min内完成色谱分离,在2~200μg/L的线性范围内均呈现出良好的线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.99,检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.1~3μg/kg和0.3~9μg/kg。以阴性豆芽为基质,分别在5、10、50μg/kg 3个水平下进行加标回收试验,40种药物的平均回收率为78.5%~115.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~9.7%(n=6)。将该方法用于分析邯郸本地豆芽中40种药物的污染状况,结果显示4-氯苯氧乙酸、6-苄基腺嘌呤、多菌灵、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、赤霉素和恩诺沙星检出率较高,分别为28.6%、19.0%、9.5%、9.5%、4.8%和4.8%,含量范围为37.5~352.4、32.4~273.1、28.8~38.7、16.1~20.2、19.9和13.6μg/kg。研究建立的方法简单、快速,灵敏度高,适用于大批量豆芽中40种药物的快速准确测定。     

中空纤维三相液相微萃取荧光光度法测定绿豆芽中的吲哚类植物生长素

基于中空纤维液相微萃取技术,建立了绿豆芽中吲哚类植物生长素的荧光检测方法。通过L9(34)正交实验,对中空纤维液相微萃取条件进行优化,得到的优化条件为:样品溶液的p H值调为4.0,萃取溶剂为正辛醇,接受相为p H 12.0的Na OH,搅拌速度为1 000 r/min,萃取时间为60 min。在最优萃取条件下,吲哚类植物生长素的富集倍数可达92倍。供体相中吲哚类植物生长素的质量浓度在1.71~50.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.997 9,检出限(S/N=3)为0.57 mg/L,样品的加标回收率为88.6%~100.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于4.8%。该方法操作简单,环境友好,可用于绿豆芽中吲哚类植物生长素含量的准确快速测定。     

沉淀聚合法制备3-吲哚乙酸印迹聚合物微粒及其固相萃取应用

以3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)为模板分子、丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体,采用沉淀聚合法制备了IAA印迹聚合物微粒,研究了致孔剂乙腈的用量及IAA的加入量对印迹聚合物结合性能的影响,采用色谱法对其进行评价。结果表明,当乙腈为37.5 m L,IAA为2 mmol(与AA物质的量比为1∶1)时,制得印迹聚合物P7对IAA的亲和力最大(k=4.24),印迹因子(IF)为14.1,其对IAA展示了最显著的特异识别能力。将P7作为固相萃取柱的填料,研究了分子印迹固相萃取IAA的方法,测得绿豆芽样品的加标回收率为90.6%~92.6%。结果表明,以AA为功能单体沉淀聚合法制备的IAA印迹聚合物颗粒适合作为固相萃取柱填料,可实现实际样品中IAA的选择性分离净化。该文提出的采用适当增大模板分子加入量的方法是制备高亲和力与高选择性印迹聚合物的一条新途径。     

Water Extract of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Inhibits Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B in Insulin-Resistant HepG2 Cells

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mungbean water extract (MWE) on insulin downstream signaling in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Whole seed mungbean was extracted using boiling water, mimicking a traditional cooking method. Vitexin and isovitexin were identified in MWE. The results showed that MWE inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B (IC₅₀ = 10 μg/mL), a negative regulator of insulin signaling. MWE enhanced cellular glucose uptake and altered expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, including forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β in the insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In addition, MWE inhibited both α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 36.65 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 3.07 mg/mL). MWE also inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (IC₅₀ = 2.28 mg/mL). This is the first study to show that mungbean water extract increased cellular glucose uptake and improved insulin sensitivity of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells through PTP-1B inhibition and modulating the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. This suggests that mungbean water extract has the potential to be a functional ingredient for diabetes.     

古田山茶湾样地甜槠-木荷林根萌特征分析

根萌是植物营养繁殖的重要策略之一,森林植物的根萌现象影响着植物群落的更新动态和演替方向.在对古田山茶湾1hm2固定样地胸径≥1cm的木本植物调查的基础上,分析了该样地木本植物的根萌现状及根萌与母树的相关性,结果表明:样地内根萌植物共有68种,隶属于48属26科,占群落总物种的67.3%.其中根萌萌生能力较强的物种有林冠层中的石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)、甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)、木荷(Schima superba),亚乔木层中的灰白蜡瓣花(Corylopsis glandulifera)、隔药柃(Eurya muricata)、浙江红花油茶(Camellia checkiangoleosa),灌木层中的窄基红褐柃(Eurya rubiginosa)、宜昌荚蒾(Vibernum erosum)、映山红(Rhododendron simsii);对优势根萌物种和母树的相关性分析表明:考虑根萌因素后,各物种重要值发生小幅度增减,但各垂直层次的优势种排名次序基本不变;乔冠层物种在母树Ⅰ~Ⅲ级生长阶段、亚乔木层和灌木层物种在母树Ⅰ~Ⅱ级生长阶段均表现出根萌能力逐渐增强的趋势,在其他生长阶段,不同物种表现出不同的变化趋势;优势根萌物种在样地中的分布与样地内相关母树的分布情况基本吻合,多数根萌物种的分布表现出聚集现象.     

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时检测豆芽中的3种外源植物激素残留

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱同时测定豆芽中6-苄基腺嘌呤、4-氯苯氧乙酸、赤霉素等3种外源植物激素残留的方法。采用QuEChERS前处理技术,豆芽样品以酸化乙醇-乙腈溶液（1%（v/v,下同）乙酸+50%乙醇+49%乙腈）提取目标化合物,并经乙腈再提取后合并提取液;经硅藻土分散固相净化、正己烷去脂后氮吹至近干;用2.0 mL 50%（v/v）甲醇水溶液定容,过滤膜后上机检测。液相色谱以甲醇-水（含0.1%（v/v）的甲酸）作为流动相梯度洗脱,C₁₈色谱柱分离;质谱采用高分辨质谱、负离子模式,以精确质量数和二级特征离子定性,以准分子离子峰面积定量。结果表明3种目标化合物的定量限为5.0~10.0 μg/kg,线性范围为1~200 μg/L;平均添加回收率为79.1%~96.1%,相对标准偏差为5.7%~10.4%。本方法具有操作简单、快捷、灵敏度高等优点,适用于市场上豆芽质量的快速筛查检测。     

KT和6-BA诱导绿豆子叶培养物 器官发生的比较研究

KT与6-BA处理使离体绿豆子叶培养物不定芽形成的前期与对照间有明显差别，对不定根则存在显著差别。6-BA出芽进程快于KT，KT处理部分抑制培养物不定根的形成，6-BA处理则完全抑制不定根形成。6-BA抑制根形成，影响了再生枝的干物质积累。KT与6-BA处理使子叶培养物的内源Put水平升高，特别是KT处理与对照相比达显著程度。KT处理显著降低子叶培养物的内源ZT水平，6-BA处理则显著提高内源ABA水平。对器官发生和内源激素测定结果的对比提示，6-BA和KT对不定芽发生的不同影响与二者对子叶内源CTK/IAA比值的影响不同有关。     

Effects of γ-irradiation on the lipid composition of inner sprout of garlic

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of a dose of 60.0 Gy of ⁶⁰Co γ-rays on the concentration and composition of lipids from the inner sprout of garlic cloves. 210 days after treatment, the levels of phospholipids, triacylglycerols and glycolipids were significantly reduced as a result of radiation. Levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids from these lipid fractions such as linoleic acids showed a similar trend of decrease. Irradiation also brought about an increase in diacylglycerols. Results are correlated with sprouting inhibition induced by γ-irradiation in garlic.     

Determination of 6-Benzyladenine in Bean Sprout by LC–ESI-IT-MS–MS

A rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated to determine 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) residues in bean sprout using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Liquid–liquid extraction, using acidified methanol, was used to isolate 6-BA from the sample matrix. The separation was carried out on a Zorbax SB C₁₈ column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with 0.1% acetic acid/methanol (25:75 v/v) as mobile phase in isocratic mode. The quantitation of 6-BA was based on fragmentation of the molecular ion at m/z 226.1 to a product ion at m/z 91.1. In addition, the recoveries of three extraction solvents by ultrasound extraction and conventional extraction method were compared, and it was found that acidified methanol as the extraction solvent was the best. The calibration curve was linear (r ² > 0.997) in the concentration range of 0.04–10.0 ng mL⁻¹ with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 ng g⁻¹ for 6-BA in bean sprout. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 7.1 and 9.8%. Recoveries of 6-BA were between 85.0 and 88.5%. This assay has been successfully applied to the determination of trace 6-BA residues in bean sprout and monitoring the market in Ningbo, China.     

通过式固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆芽中10种喹诺酮类抗生素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-Ms/Ms)快速检测豆芽中10种喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)的方法。样品用乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液提取后,经PRiME HLB快速净化,氮吹浓缩后,用电喷雾离子源正离子-多反应监测(MRM)模式串联质谱进行检测。在0.25~100μg/L范围内,10种目标物的线性关系良好,其相关系数均大于0.997。方法对两种豆芽基质进行前处理并测定,检出限为1.0μg/kg和2.0μg/kg,定量限为3.0μg/kg和6.0μg/kg。回收率实验结果表明:10种目标物回收率范围为78.1%~106.4%,RSD<8.1%。方法能有效地避免杂质的干扰。